Has the ‘franc fort’ exchange rate policy affected the inflationary dynamics? Theory and new evidence

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of the ‘franc fort’ policy implemented in France from 1983 on the inflationary dynamics by means of a square root Kalman filter approach. An interesting aspect of the analysis is the evidence that the ‘franc fort’ exchange rate policy had a significant impact on the inflationary dynamics in France through its credibility effects. These results confirm the imported credibility hypothesis according to which the French authorities accelerated the disinflation process by importing the German monetary policy credibility through the ‘hard peg’ of the franc–DM exchange rate. These findings show that inflation dynamics in France began to converge significantly to that in Germany after the implementation of the ‘franc fort’ policy, making more credible the plan for the final transition to the euro. Moreover, this analysis may also reveal much about the nature of potential success of the current initiative of the new member countries now in the process of joining the EU and looking eventually to adopt the euro.     

10KV中频炉供电系统动态无功综合补偿滤波装置

针对用户供电系统的负荷分布状况及负荷生产特点,或考虑无源HVC自动谐波滤波装置与高压有源APF动态无功综合补偿滤波装置相结合的技术方案,整套装置在对负荷进行补偿滤波的控制过程中,HVC与APF互相配合,既能保证滤波补偿效果,又可避免无功过补,属于一种比较先进的补偿、滤波方式。     

一种结构紧凑的微带低通滤波器

本文以一截止频率为5GHz、终端开路短截线型的微带低通滤波器为原型。通过合理的结构改进，将该传统结构的滤波器变换成一种结构紧凑，性能优良的新型低通滤波器。通过试验验证，谊新型结构滤波器不仅比传统的滤波嚣长度减小32倍，同时还表现出良好的滤波特性。在小型化电路中，该结构的滤波器非常具有实用价值。     

一种新型有源滤波器谐波电流检测方法研究

文章首先介绍了独立电源系统的特点，并阐述了独立电源系统有源滤波器谐波和无功电流的补偿原理。而后，根据独立电源系统的特点，提出了一种新型的谐波电流检测方法，通过与传统的瞬时无功功率理论和快速傅里叶变换提取谐波方法相比，该方法计算简单、准确度好、实现方便，具有较大的优越性，并在实际的有源滤波器装置中得到了较好的应用，表明该方法是正确和有效的。     

基带成形滤波器的FPGA实现

针对数字化基带成形滤波的信号处理特点，将截短的基带波形进行二维分解，得到成形滤波器的多相结构。通过对多相结构的分析，给出了一种较为精简实用的基于滤波器系数查询表模式的FPGA实现结构，该结构具有实现简单、占用资源少等特点。仿真结果表明，该结构完全可以达到实际应用的要求。     

Time Series Analysis of Repeated Surveys: The State–space Approach

Cross sectional estimates from repeated surveys form a time series { y_t }. These estimates can be viewed as the sum y _t = Y _t + e _t of two processes, { Y _t }, the population process and { e _t }, the survey error process. Serial correlations in the latter series are usually present, mainly due to sample overlap. Other sources of data such as censuses, administrative records and demographic population counts are also available. The state–space modelling approach to the analysis of repeated surveys allows combining information from different sources, incorporating benchmarking constraints in a natural way. Results from these methods seem to compare favourably with those from X-11-ARIMA in filtering out survey errors.     

椭圆半带滤波器及其在小波包谐波分析中的应用

小波包分解因为具有较高频谱分析的精度，在电力系统谐波检测中得到了广泛的应用．但其复杂的计算使它在实时的测量中受到了限制．现提出了将IIR椭圆半带滤波器应用于小波包谐波分析中的新方法，通过研究表明，该算法可以将复杂的计算减少到与快速傅立叶变换（FFT）同等数量级上．仿真和实验结果进一步表明了该算法的有效性．     

提高污水厂带式压滤机处理能力的途径

介绍了某污水处理厂污泥处理系统的组成和带式压滤机工作的特点,通过分析带式压滤机处理能力的影响因素,经过生产运行试验,提出了改变排泥、污泥缓冲池、带式压滤机运行过程的排泥法来降低进泥含水率,总结了改善滤带冲洗效果的方法和控制絮凝剂制配,提高了带式压滤机的处理能力,实践证明有较好的效果。     

Tourism expenditure patterns in China

Using China’s urban household survey data for 2002–2009, this study compares the impacts of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of urban household expenditure on tourism in different age cohorts. The life cycle age profiles of group-tour and non-group tour expenditures are obtained by decomposing total household expenditure. The results show that the age profile of total tourism expenditure is hump-shaped, which conforms to consumers’ income discretionary expenditure cycles. The age profile of group-tour expenditure is hump-shaped whereas that of non-group tour expenditure is S-shaped, corresponding to the substitution of group and non-group tours as children grow older. The implications are discussed in the context of tourism marketing with a view to providing useful segmentation information for tourism decision makers.     

新型小型化超宽上阻带双频带通滤波器的设计

本文使用并联短截线结构获得5.7GHZ的通带,再引入SIR谐振器结构,获得2.4GHZ的通带。SIR谐振器耦合作用到微带传输结构上,所以,两种谐振结构相互独立,能方便的调整两个通带的中心频点。此外,两种谐振结构在阻带上相互抑制,获得极宽的上阻带性能。本文在输入、输出端口附近又引入并联短截线,使得上阻带性能更加优异。最终测量结果和仿真结果吻合。